Strategies for English Learners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Procedures for English Learners - Essay Example The procedures utilized need to consider different factors, for example, the basic time frame theory, neurological, psychomotor and psychological degrees of English students. Contemplations for English Learning Strategies Proficiency in getting the hang of, perusing and composing English can be accomplished through different methodologies. Anyway the procedures need to think about different parts of English learning. The basic time frame theory is a significant calculate that needs thought any English learning procedure. The theory proposes that there is a noteworthy connection between the capacity of students to gain a given language and their age. As indicated by ........, English students in an etymologically rich condition could without much of a stretch secure the language inside a given window period after which the understudies could require effort of more endeavors to get the language. Accordingly, securing of capability in English could be practiced from the get-go in life d ependent on the basic time frame theory. At this period, it is simpler for youngsters to obtain the language and other engine abilities. Securing of the language after the period could be troublesome and the student may never accomplish full order of English. Nervous system science ought to likewise be considered in the procedures utilized in learning and securing of capability in English. ... The language securing gadgets he created has etymology properties that recognize discourse sounds from different sounds, sorts out phonetic information into different classes and takes part in steady assessment of language improvement. As per ............., the engine speculation keeps up that prattling is a result of engine improvement in people albeit some specialist don't concur. For example, Pettito and different scientists suggest that prattling is a neurolinguistic establishment. They contend that the rhythms of characteristic language can be resolved organically and thusly the jabbering of infants is for them to find the hints of dialects in their condition. Intellectual contemplations for English learning procedures necessitate that the learning strategies include the capacities of people for learning. As indicated by ......., people learn through taking of directions, impersonation of different people’s conduct and perception. These learning capacities use the faculti es of enriched to people. Through psychological learning, understudies go past straightforward impersonation procedures to give information through mental or intellectual procedures. The intellectual strategies that could be utilized in English learning incorporate the psychological portrayal of physical items and occasions notwithstanding handling of other phonetic data. Through intellectual procedure, English students could learn by tuning in, watching, perusing, contacting and encounters. The learning procedure in subjective might be uninvolved since there is no engine development. Emotional thought is another factor that must be thought of while picking the best learning strategy for English learning. Full of feeling learning includes feelings. English

Reduce stress

There have different approach to diminish pressure, for example, tune in to music , practices consistently and have a decent connection with others. Subject sentence 1 : Firstly, tune in to music can decrease pressure. Supporting subtleties 1 : distinctive individual have diverse most loved music classification, however the best in other to diminish pressure is tune in to slow and exemplary music. Supporting subtleties 2 : besides, music can bringing down circulatory strain, and diminishing the degrees of stress hormones. Supporting subtleties 3 : Listening to music can mitigate melancholy and increment confidence evaluations in older individuals. Point sentence 2 : also, practices consistently can diminish pressure Supporting subtleties 1 : in other to lessen pressure need to have practices at rent 3 days every week, when done activities, sweats discharge with negative vitality from our body and keep our psyche in balance. Supporting subtleties 2 : Otherwise, activities can keep our body sound and away from sick. Supporting subtleties 3 : to keep away from feel exhausting with a similar movement we can change our ordinary exercise from gimnasium to swimming, moving, cycling, playing badminton or other extraordinary games like divider climbing, and jugle following. Theme sentence 3 : at long last, have a decent connection with others Supporting subtleties 1 : become more acquainted with about our companions and be mingled. Supporting subtleties 2 : have a decent comical inclination and now and again make messes with companions in office. Supporting subtleties 3 : must have in any event one closest companion that can communicate any issues, consistently cause guardians as the best individual to discover any issue to explain in light of the fact that they generally know the best for us.

Heritage Assessment Essay

What is a legacy appraisal? A legacy evaluation is a subpart to the general nursing appraisal. Evaluating a patient’s legacy permits the medical attendant to acquire more data about a patient’s culture, including convictions about wellbeing and qualities, this is essential to giving social human services. One’s legacy incorporates data about their social convictions and practices of the family and ethno strict network (Jarvis, C. , 2012). Through a legacy evaluation the medical caretaker can get a huge measure of data about the patient/family, including however not constrained to, where progenitors were conceived, what number of kin they have, if the family began in another nation, how regularly time is gone through with family, religion, if the patient lean towards the organization of individuals with similar qualities and religion or ethnic foundation, what kind of nourishments the patient gets ready, and the patient’s local language. This paper will talk about what the creator gained from finishing a legacy evaluation instrument, the convenience of a legacy appraisal apparatus while surveying a patient/family/network all in all. This paper will likewise think about the wellbeing customs of three unique families (and societies) to incorporate, wellbeing upkeep, wellbeing insurance, and wellbeing rebuilding, while at the same time recognizing normal conventions dependent on the author’s legacy. What the families credit their customs to will likewise be talked about. To start, what was found out from the legacy appraisal apparatus and why it is valuable to apply a legacy appraisal in assessing the requirements of a â€Å"whole† individual ought to be examined. Helpful data and knowledge was picked up from finishing the legacy appraisal instrument. When complete, there were loads of negative reactions noted, which means, the creator has next to no recognizable proof with her customary legacy. It ought not be accepted that everybody relates to their conventional legacy; this could thus bring about the conveyance of unexpected frailty care and additionally training. In the event that you are not effectively acquainted with your convictions and practices the legacy evaluation apparatus is useful in getting you there, and helping you become familiar with what legacy is. While assessing the requirements of a â€Å"whole† individual a legacy appraisal is helpful and essential. One of the most significant reasons that a legacy appraisal is valuable is on the grounds that it helps specialists in giving socially proper medicinal services. Finding what societies and convictions you are looking through suitable evaluation is significant. The socially skillful medical attendant must have information in four territories: (1) your very own legacy (which one can find through the legacy appraisal apparatus), (2) the legacy of the nursing calling, (3) the legacy of the medicinal services framework, and (4) the legacy of the patient (usage of a legacy evaluation device is additionally useful). All through nursing training different kinds of physical assessment and evaluations are found out, including, wellbeing history, emotional wellness appraisal, and dietary evaluation. Be that as it may, contingent upon the patient’s legacy the data you accumulate may differ broadly, along these lines a legacy appraisal must be a vital piece of a total physical and wellbeing evaluation (Jarvis, C. , 2012). Next, wellbeing customs will be talked about. Wellbeing customs shift significantly among various societies. The three regions to be talked about with the end goal of this paper are; wellbeing upkeep (how families keep up wellbeing and forestall disease); wellbeing security (what measures are taken to shield the body from ailment); and wellbeing reclamation (what is done to reestablish the body o the earlier degree of working after a sickness). Three families from various societies were met about the three regions referenced. The social foundations incorporated that of the creator (African American), Mexican American, and Caucasian American. The discoveries of the meetings are distinguished in the table underneath (data including however not constrained to what is recorded). These groups of various societies attributed their wellbeing customs to various things. The African American family expresses that their wellbeing customs are passed somewhere around older folks (grandparents), of both genders. The Mexican American family credits their conventions to the ladies of the family, expressing that it is a female obligation to go down customs in regards to heath. The Caucasian American family expresses that they got their insight into wellbeing based on what is or has been demonstrated by science, and normally each mother of the family is liable for the soundness of the family.

The GRE Tutor Mac and his Tutoring Approaches

Meet Mac Staben! GRE Tutor at Cambridge Coaching since 2012. Thanks to Mac's wide range of interests, Mac has had a variety of teaching experiences ranging from history to the sciences, and exams like the SAT, the MCAT, and of course, the GRE. He's great at using memorable analogies to make dificult topics accessible, and he loves gettingfeedback from his students. Check out what he has to say about being a GRE tutor! What’s helpful about working with a private tutor for the GRE? Developing a relationship with a tutor who can help you. As a tutor, I quickly learn the strengths, weaknesses, goals, and fears of my student. Knowing that information, I can shape my presentation of difficult subjects so that my students can ace questions on that material. What’s your overall philosophy to teaching the GRE? Make it simple and fun. I teach my students that the GRE isn't something evil that needs vanquishing, but a chance to give their best "performance." After overcoming that psychological barrier, we work together to understand the material tested on the GRE. Finally, we'll do lots of practice tests so that students can be confident in their ability to answer GRE questions. What’s your approach to teaching the verbal section? There are two parts to the Verbal section: vocabulary and the passages. For vocabulary, I encourage students to focus on getting the sense of a blank (filling in your own words to substitute for the word). We also use spaced repetition software (such as Anki) to improve word retention. For passages, the approach I teach students is recognizing the main idea, then simplifying those answer choices. What’s your approach to teaching the math section? Learn the basic concepts, then practice! It's a standardized test, so they can only ask you so many questions. We'll work together to get the basic concepts out of the ways, then do practice examples to show how to you'll be asked to apply this information on GRE problems. What are the three most important things you think all GRE students should know? 1. The GRE is just a trickier SAT: There's nothing beyond algebra II on the GRE exam. But, to make sure that you learned something in college, the ETS makes the GRE a little bit trickier. We'll work together to learn to see past their common tricks. 2. The importance of emotional and physical preparation. Doing well on the GRE requires more than just intellectual preparation. You can learn everything you want, but unless you can perform with sangfroid (vocab word!), you won't be able to demonstrate your abilities. This is an often-neglected element of GRE preparation, that I care about tremendously. 3. The importance of working methodically. Lots of students are a little haphazard with doing mental math or failing to do their work on paper. I focus on teaching students to work methodically on their math in order to minimize any errors from mistakes. Tell us about the kinds of students you’ve worked with on the GRE. Mostly students who have needed to focus on improving their math skills. I'm in medical school, so I use math all the time. But, I have a background in the humanities, so I can understand the fears of many students who struggle with math. I've worked with students of a variety of ages, including students who are going back to school after extended breaks. I've also worked with students of different abilities, from people who were trying to get into top graduate schools to students who just need to hit the minimum score for a program. How do you accommodate different learning styles? I figure out what types of explanations "click" with a particular student, and I’ll present information in that way. Identify areas of weakness and then offer targeted practice on those concepts. I'm comfortable in fitting my instruction to different learning styles. Additionally, I've worked with several students who received testing accommodations, and offered strategies that helped them focus. How do I get the most out of tutoring? Practice and speak up! Ask questions if you don't understand something. Tell me if an explanation works (or doesn't). I love getting feedback from my students. I have a sneaking suspicion that I learn as much (or more) from my students as they do from me! How much time should I dedicate to studying for the GRE? Totally depends on your preparation. If you're working in a job that does lots of math and you love to read, a few weeks. If you haven't been in school for a long time, or haven't looked at a math problem since high school, then it'll take longer to get you up to speed. How do you think the GRE exam compares to the SAT? It's essentially the same test. But, because the ETS knows that you've gone through college, they expect a little bit more from you. So the GRE makes its problems trickier. That said, if you've taken algebra II, you've seen all of the material that will be on the math section on the GRE exam. The Verbal section depends on your familiarity with the vocabulary and organization that appears in the types of books and articles that you read in college. Mac's Biography: Mac grew up in the rolling hills of Kentucky. From the Bluegrass state, he headed north to Middlebury College, where he graduated magna cum laude with a double major in political science and biochemistry. After graduation, he studied cancer biology for a year at the National Institutes of Health in Washington, D.C. Following that, he completed a Master’s program in political science at Boston College. This year, Mac began an MD/PhD program at Boston university. Thanks to his wide range of interests, Mac has also had a variety of teaching experiences. Mac started teaching At Middlebury, taught volunteer swim lessons and tutored friends in a variety of subjects. Since he began at Cambridge Coaching, Mac has tutored students in the SAT, the GRE, and the MCAT. He particularly enjoys working with students to achieve the highest score they can on the MCAT. Mac has a wide range of experience with different academic subjects, includingthe sciences, history, and political scienceand looks forward to using memorable analogies to make difficult topics accessible. In his spare time, Mac enjoys swimming, cooking, reading, and glassblowing. For more relevant reading, check out these other blog posts, written by our GRE tutors: Not As Easy As You Thought, No Sweat Study Habits for Busy People, How to Keep Test Strategy Fresh in Your Head. Looking to work with Mac Staben? Feel free to get in touch! Cambridge Coaching offers private in-person tutoring in New York City and Boston, and online tutoring around the world. ;

Sears And Corporate Social Responsibility - 1336 Words

Sears and Corporate Social Responsibility Introduction At one time, Sears prided itself as â€Å"Where America Shops† by staying in touch with consumers and upholding high product, employer, and customer standards. Today, Sears is struggling to remain a prominent American retailer. The company’s present business model reflects a poor grasp of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Riddled with lawsuits, workplace issues, and a poor reputation with the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the Sears consumers know today is undesirable. Lawsuits Product Lawsuits Several class-action lawsuits were recently filed against Sears and Whirlpool regarding certain Kenmore and Whirlpool front-loading washing machines sold between 2004 and 2006. These cases were filed after hundreds of customers reported mold growing in the unit, costing customers hundreds of dollars in either repairs or unit replacements. An estimated 450,000 Kenmore washing machines are affected. Sears denies any negligence in the case. While this problem lowers Sears’s consumers’ customer satisfaction expectations, cases like this are routine amongst large retailers. An example of good CSR following an incident like this would be to admit fault and offer the affected consumers compensation for their troubles. Because Sears denies fault in the case, consumers were forced to file a class-action lawsuit in order to receive compensation. These actions reflect Sears’s recent inattention to customers’ interests, furtherShow MoreRelatedSears And Corporate Socia l Responsibility1272 Words   |  6 PagesSears and Corporate Social Responsibility Introduction At one time, Sears prided itself as â€Å"Where America Shops† by staying in touch with consumers and upholding high product, employer, and customer standards. Today, Sears is struggling to remain a prominent American retailer. The company’s present business model reflects a sub-par grasp of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Riddled with lawsuits, workplace issues, and a poor reputation with the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, theRead MorePESTEL Analysis of K-Mart1267 Words   |  6 Pageskey factors and trends in broader society. PESTEL Analysis gives a business the ability to break down the general environment into six different categories: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal. By analyzing and studying each area, a company can create a strategy that most benefits them. Sears and K-Mart are two retail businesses that can gain from understanding the general environment through PESTEL Analysis. They could use it bad. On e way to take a step forward isRead MoreMacys Past Performance Marketing Analysis1160 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluate the companys past performance marketing their product using the six pillars of the marketing code of ethics honesty, responsibility, caring, respect, fairness, and citizenship. Macys is one of the premier retailer franchises within the United States. To begin, Macys Inc. is one of the nations largest and well known department store chains. Started over 150 years ago, Macys has continually generated excellent returns for its shareholders and employees. Currently, in the midst of aRead MoreSears, Roebuck, and Co. the Auto Center Scandal2644 Words   |  11 PagesSEARS, ROEBUCK, AND CO. THE AUTO CENTER SCANDAL History and Introduction of Sear, Roebuck, and Co. Sears, Roebuck and Co began in the 19th century and sold farm supplies and consumer items as a small mail order company. The first Sears retail store opened up in Chicago on the 2nd February 1925 in the building named the Merchandise. This store had included a soda fountain and an optical shop. The first detached and separate retail store opened up on the 5th October 1925 in a city called EvansvilleRead MoreWhat is an organizational culture? Explain both how the culture of an organization might evolve and why an understanding of organizational culture is important?1577 Words   |  7 Pagesbe concerned with the way the leader started the organization; his drive, his vision and the band pioneers that surrounded him. (Clark,1972). There is the element of myths surrounding some of the organizational stories. The stories may present the social prescription of how things are done here. An example is at Hewlett-Packard. The stories surrounding Bill and Dave were stories that emphasized an d legitimated the management philosophy of the company. Hewlett-Packard was founded in the 1940s in theRead MoreWalmart Profile Essay734 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Profile: Wal-Mart Wal-Mart is the largest retailer in the world. The position Wal-Mart holds gives the company a large responsibility to contribute to the community that supports the stores. As an organization Wal-Mart owes its success to the stake holders of their business. Wal-Mart requires the community to continue business operations, Trevino and Nelson state that â€Å"a major stakeholder in business must be the communities of which corporations and other organizations are a part†Read MoreSocial Responsibility And Business Ethics Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagesrole of social responsibility in business organizations and society. This paper will compare similarities and differences between Cohen’s perspective on social responsibility to the social responsibility and business ethics theories of Drucker and Milton Friedman. Furthermore, this paper will provide a frame of reference on corporate social responsibility and business ethics presented in other research. Social Responsibility Defined Cohen, 2009 wrote in his article that Drucker defined social responsibilityRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Milton Friedman1083 Words   |  5 Pagespreached against corporate social responsibility as a goal to American businessman. His concepts, and arguments, has been their foundation for fiscal success thereby generating end-profit for shareholders. However, over the past 40-years, financiers have realized not only do they owe earnest to their shareholders but also their customers. The government and society have both found roles to play in the future of big business in America. That-being, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has provenRead MoreThe Relationship between Large Retailers in Developed Countries with Factories in Developing Countires1747 Words   |  7 Pagesand use others’ resources that may not be as readily available in the company’s home country. The Tuba Group, a garment exporter based in Bangladesh, is a major manufacturer for large re tailers based in the United States such as Walmart, K-Mart, and Sears (Inkpen, 2013). Tazreens Fashion Limited, which is a subsidiary (also based in Bangladesh), owned a factory located near the capital of Bangladesh, Dhaka. The factory produced apparel items such as polo shirts, t-shirts, and jackets (Goodman, 2012)Read MoreGeneral Electric Under Jack Welch999 Words   |  4 PagesDescription: General Electric under Jack Welch        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GE should have applied their corporate social responsibility duty as stated by General Robert E. Wood in the Sears Annual report for 1936; he said â€Å"the chief constituencies of the company—customers, the public, employees, sources of merchandise supply, and stockholders. Stockholders being last as they could not attain their â€Å"full measure of reward† unless the other groups were satisfied first.† Ironically, after Welch’s retirement

Research Proposal - 1939 Words

INTRODUCTION Introduction: With less than 0.1 percent of the population estimated to be HIV positive Bangladesh is a low HIV prevalence country. The country faces a concentrated epidemic, and it’s very low HIV prevalence rate is partly due to prevention efforts, focusing on men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSWs), and injecting drug users (IDUs). In Bangladesh the first case of HIV was detected in 1989, according to NASSP 2008, Government of Bangladesh source, till December 2008, there were 1495 reported cases of HIV and 476 cases of AIDS, among them 165 died, Last surveillance conducted in 2007 found national prevalence of HIV lt;1%, this makes Bangladesh a low prevalence country. However, there are specific†¦show more content†¦The stigma of AIDS has taken many lives before the disease itself killed them. But the reasons behind the suicides and extent of this have rarely come to our knowledge. Society’s limited understanding of this disease in causing innocent people to pay a terrible price. Increasingly across the world, there are voices questioning in one angle. They question the narrow approach to a single diseases, especially the huge financing for AIDS over all else in basic health care. Our approach to this disease needs to change for the sake of our people, our brothers and our sisters who are fighting against odds. Social factors like discrimination, stigmatization and rejection have pushed people living with HIV to become desperate and feel hopeless, to the extent of giving up their life. They face discrimination and lack of support not only from the society but also from his/ her own family. They are also being confined from friends, scared for losing their jobs. This made them to live in phobia and their condition become worse as they need proper and adequate treatment that could provide them with better life. Most of these people are not getting proper medical and nursing care as stigma is attached so strongly to this il lness that even some well educated people refuse to serve them. Many are afraid of consulting the doctors as they did not wish other people to knowShow MoreRelatedResearch Proposal661 Words   |  3 PagesTO: Professor Sara Cutting FROM: Kiersten McCaffrey DATE: February 18, 2014 SUBJECT: Begin Business Plan for Potential Future Investment Background In the beginning of the semester you requested that I research a topic related to a personal decision such as a future goal. I am currently employed at a yoga studio and have a general understanding of the hard work that goes into running a small business. At the same time, I also directly see the benefits of owning a successful business.Read MoreProposal For A Research Proposal814 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is it? A typical research proposal is used by scholars and students who have an interest in your field. This usually happens as part of a grant application, postgraduate application (PhD), or for a final year dissertation. It usually ranges from 1,000-3,000 words and is a summary of what is being proposed to study. It is usually judged by content and proposal format. A Research proposal should†¦ Clearly set out what the research is going to be about. This includes a provisional/working titleRead MoreResearch Proposal1267 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Proposal: It addresses a particular project: academic or scientific research.  It also contains extensive literature reviews and must offer convincing support of need for the research study being proposed.   Doctoral dissertations begin with research proposal; the proposal must be accepted by a panel of experts (usually professors) before the actual research can begin.   In addition to providing rationale for the proposed research, the proposal must describe a detailed methodology for conductingRead MoreResearch Proposal1447 Words   |  6 PagesCohort January 2013 Module Title Business Research Issue and Anylysis (Module code BAMG 2104 ) Assignment Topic/ Title Research Proposal Name of Instructor Dr Michael Ng Name of Student 1) AU Kwan Tai, 2) Chan Yan Ki, 3) Choi Chak Pan, 4) Chong Ka Chun DMU Student No. 1) P13014477 , 2) P13014523 3) P13014614, 4) P13014628 Group No. Date of Submission 25 Feb, 2014 DMU Business Research Methods Research P roposal 1. Research Project Title The relationship betweenRead MoreResearch Proposal1706 Words   |  7 PagesMOI UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS. Course: RESEARCH METHODS Course code: ECO 217 Task: GROUP ASSIGNMENT NAMES REG. NO. SIGN 1. HUSSEIN IBRAHIM ABDIRAHMAN ECO/201/O9 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. THIONG AGUTORead MoreResearch Proposal2386 Words   |  10 PagesResearch Proposal Tony Franco, Anita Badejo, Annie Petroian Malhami, Brenda Baillargeon, Christina Hyett, Kenneth Haynes RES/351 June 11, 2012 Dr. James Gartside University of Phoenix Research Proposal In recent years, the amount of media coverage surrounding assisted suicide, or euthanasia, has increased. The term evokes a multitude of emotive responses. The Royal College of Nursing completed research on the issue of euthanasia initiating change in their policy of opposition to euthanasiaRead MoreParts of a Research Proposal2853 Words   |  12 PagesPARTS OF A RESEARCH PROPOSAL Typical parts of a research proposal are: Title (or Cover) Page Abstract Table of Contents Introduction (including Statement of Problem, Purpose of Research, and Significance of Research) Background (including Literature Survey) Description of Proposed Research (including Method or Approach) Description of Relevant Institutional Resources List of References Personnel Budget The Title (or Cover) Page. Most sponsoring agencies specify the format for the title page,Read MoreDifferences Between Formal Research and Business Proposals1403 Words   |  6 PagesDifferences between â€Å"Formal Research† and â€Å"Business Proposals† There is a great difference between a formal research proposal and a business proposal. In fact these two types of proposals seem to be very similar but there are critical differences in the overall purpose, uses and goals. With such distinct differences for a writer it helps in understanding for writing the formal research proposal or business proposal more effectively. The general purpose of a proposal is the identify a particularRead MoreDesign Research Proposal1022 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Design The research question for this research proposal is: is participation in a Housing First program effective in preventing reoccurrences of child maltreatment with families who have a history of housing instability? This research proposal will examine the hypothesis: Families with a history of instability will be less likely to commit child maltreatment when they are enrolled in a Housing First program as compared to those who are not enrolled. A longitudinal design study will be usedRead MoreGuidelines on Writing a Research Proposal2565 Words   |  11 PagesGuidelines on writing a research proposal Introduction This is a guide to writing M.A. research proposals. The same principles apply to dissertation proposals and to proposals to most funding agencies. It includes a model outline, but advisor, committee and funding agency expectations vary and your proposal will be a variation on this basic theme. Use these guidelines as a point of departure for discussions with your advisor. They may serve as a straw-man against which to build your understanding

Legalize drugs Essay Example For Students

Legalize drugs Essay Such an issue stirs up moral and religious beliefs; beliefs that are contrary to what America should believe. However, such a debate has been apparent in the American marketplace of ideas before with the prohibition of alcohol in the 1920s. With the illegality of alcohol the mafia could produce liquor and therefore had considerable control over those who wanted their substance and service. The role that the mafia played in the 1920s has transformed into the corner drug dealers and drug cartel of the 1990s. The justification that legalized alcohol under Amendment 21 in 1933 should also legalize drugs in 1996. With the legalization of drugs a decrease in deaths related to drug deals would occur and also the price would lessen because bigger businesses could produce drugs at a cheaper price. Thus, reducing crimes that are committed to support a drug habit. Another drug that has played a major role in American society is nicotine. For hundreds of years, cigarettes have been a popular legal drug within the United States. Only through legalization and education has the popularity and the use of cigarettes declined within the past ten years. Physically, the actual consequences of using illicit drugs is much less than of using drugs like alcohol or cigarettes and the consequences will be diminished. Illicit drugs can and will be made safer than they are in the present system. In making comparisons, the best is to look at how countries are functioning that have less enforcement on drugs and what the statistics were after drugs were decriminalized. Within the last thirty years many groups have their attempts. The use of drugs is a victimless crime much like homosexuality. Homosexuals have fought for a great deal of freedom that is based on their basic human rights; the right to make decisions and act freely based on what is protected under the Constitution, so long as anyone else is not affected. Economically, the production of drugs in the United States would benefit the financial well being of the American government and people. Taxes should immediately be placed on drugs thus resulting in a significant increase in government income. The more money that government receives is more money that they can put towards the education of how drugs effect the human mind and body. Prohibition breeds disrespect for law ©enforcement; the agency that should hold the highest respect of the American society. Money spent on prohibition is an overwhelming figure that is not needed and is obviously accomplishing little. Those who want to be controlled by a substance should have every right to do so, because this right has equal jurisdiction as any other human right that has emerged from the sea of oppression and persecuted freedoms. A the deaths resulting in the acquiring of alcohol have all but disappeared. When all non ©medical dealings in alcohol were prohibited in the United States in 1919, the results were very similar to todays drug trade. Alcohol oO quality was brewed illicitly; importers were considered criminals and behaved as such; protection rackets, bribes and gang warfare organized crime in the United States. (Boaz, p.118) The enforcement budget rose from $7 million in 1921 to $15 million in 1930 ©Ã‚ ©$108 million in 1988 dollars. In 1926, the Senate Judiciary Committee produced a 1,650 ©page report evaluating enforcement efforts and proposing reforms. In 1927, the Bureau of Prohibition was created to streamline enforcement efforts, and agents were brought under civil service protection to eliminate corruption and improve professionalism. In that same year, President Hoover appointed a blue ©ribbon commission to evaluate enforcement efforts and recommend reforms. Three years later Prohibition was over and alcohol was legalized. (Boaz, pps.49 ©50) Immediately, the bootlegger stopped running around the streets supplying illicit contraband. People stopped worrying about drunks mugging them in the streets or breaking into their apartments to get funds to buy a pint of wine. We now deal with alcohol abuse as a medical problem. Let us deal with the drug problem in the same way. Let us try not to repeat the mistakes of the past by continuing to escalate a war that is totally unnecessary.(Boaz, p.120) The repeal of alcohol prohibition provides the perfect analogy. Repeal did not end alcoholism ©Ã‚ ©as indeed Prohibition did not ©Ã‚ ©but it did solve many of the problems created by Prohibition, such as corruption, murder, and poisoned alcohol.(Boaz, p.50) We can expect no more and no less from drug legalization today. A United States has not tried to ban the use of tobacco on aOcigarette smoking is one of Americas most dangerous drug habits. Nicotine, the active ingredient in tobacco, is exceedingly poisonous. When isolated and taken orally, it can bring death in a matter of minutes. Cigarette tobacco contains about 1.5 percent nicotine; an average cigarette yields six to eight milligrams of the drug. Cigar tobacco is potentially more lethal; a standard ©size cigar contains about 120 milligrams of nicotine, twice the amount of a lethal dose. What apparently O O irony is that tobacco which can be seen as just of a danger if not more so than many illicit drugs of today is considered a good and perfectly legal drug among the American society. A terrible, controlling substance that alters the mind and kills. This is a true statement; howeverO lead to more deaths in the United States than do illicit drugs. The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that the official 1988 toll of drug ©caused deaths in 27 U.S. cities, the best available measure of the nations drug problem, was, for cocaine products, 3,308; for heroin and morphine, 2,480;O course, for marijuana, zero. Emergency ©room mentions for cocaine in the same cities totaled only 62,141. Gangs3 Essay They rely on name brand recognition to build market share, and onOincentive to provide a product of uniform quality; killing customers or losing them to competitors is not a proven way to success. (Pragmatist, p.3) With majorO how drugs should be made and what they should be cut withO dangerous approach may be taken. A well be the schism that has been created in the American society. Prohibition has set generation against generation, law?enforcement officials against users, and the system of criminal justice against millions of otherwise law ©abiding citizens. The effect of prohibition has not been a decreased marijuana consumption ©Ã‚ ©statistics show that the opposite is true. Rather, prohibition has bred disrespect for the law and the institutions of government, and many have argued that that is too high a price to pay for even a successful program.(Schroeder, p. 55) A loss of respect for governmental agencies can be seen as one terrible event that has occurred within America. Plans that would breed and boost respect for these agencies should be desired and sought after. A the prohibition of drugs yearly is an unnecessary and overwhelming figure. The total annual cost of the drug war, are about $100 billion dollars annually. (Duke, p.3) For instance, the Air Force spent $3.3 million on drug interdiction, using sophisticated AWACS surveillance planes, over a 15 month period ending in 1987. The grand total of drug seizures from thatOof the Coast Guard and Navy, sailing for 2,500 ship days at a cost of $40 million, resulted in the seizure of a mere 20 drug?carrying vessels. (Wink, p.1) O were not enough, domestic production of marijuana continues to increase. It is the largest cash crop in ten states and second largest in the nation, second only to corn. Revenues from drug trafficking in Miami, Florida, are greater than those from tourism, exports, health care, and all other legitimate businesses combined. (Wink, p.2)O have a lower cost than throwing people in prison. It costs $52,000 a year to detain someone at Rikers Island. However, a years stay at Phoenix House in New York, for example, costs $15,000. (Yoffe, p.1) If it is not already obvious, the way in which the government goes about its drug war is inoperative. Money that is spent is a waste; O education and treatment. If politicians cannot see this, than we are losing the drug war in our policies and in the minds of our greatest law ©makers, not on the streets. A A ?concluded that the prohibition of drugs criminalised users, forced them into contact with professional criminals, tempted entrepreneurial young people from impoverished backgrounds into a lucrative criminal life, encouraged gang warfare, resulted in people taking impure mixtures in often dangerous methods, and created heavy policing costs. It is, in short, not drug abuse itself which creates the most havoc, but the crime resulting fromOother Western governments, to contemplate some form of licensed sale of drugs which would deprive the pushers of their market while obliging registered addicts to take treatment. The key to beating the traffic is to remove its prodigious profitability and to deglamorise drug abuse by a heavy programme of public education.(Boaz, 122) The government can continue harassing, humiliating and jailing drug users in the name of helping them stay away from evil. It can continue fostering violence and corruption in the name of protecting our society. Or, America can begin fighting drugs through peaceful means, taking the problem away from police and jailersO doctors and educators. Legalizing drug use ©Ã‚ ©with certain restrictions ©Ã‚ ©would eliminate the terrible collateral damage wreaked by the war on drugs. It would respect the right of individuals to make personal choices about what they consume, while still holding them responsible for the harm they cause others. It would free up real money for prevention and treatment programs that currently enjoy more lip service than funding. And it would encourage people with problems to seek help rather than take them underground. Any new approach to drugs must begin by replacing hype and demagoguery with information and analysis. It must discriminate between the uses and misuses of drugs. It mustO alsoO for paternalistic moralizing for hypocritical double standards.(Boaz, p. 135) Legalizing drugs would not be a panacea. Many people would continue to use them recklessly andOjoin their ranks. But scare scenarios of a prostrate, addicted nation have no basis. Clearly, there will be some increase in drug use if drugs are made legal and accessible at a reasonable price. Yet the benefits of legalization will outweigh the negatives: less crime, less O available for greater rehabilitation efforts, fewer jail cells and prisoners, better utilization of law enforcement personnel, greater respect for the law, fewer corrupted policeman, and fewer deaths from impure substances. Furthermore, taxes from these legalized substances will fund treatment centers and educational outreach. If we can distribute condoms and clean needles to control the spread of diseases, why cant we bring ourselves to distribute drugs cheaply and legally? The same arguments made about cause and effect ought to be made here as well. Granted, America has a vast and terrible problem with the issue on drugs in the 1990s, but as Robert Kennedy opined, If the alternatives are disorder or injustice, the rational choice is injustice. For when there is disorder, we cannot obtain or maintain justice.(Boaz, p. 120) Social Issues

The History and Art of Music an Example of the Topic History Essays by

The History and Art of Music by Expert Dr Olivia | 27 Dec 2016 History of Music Music has been used in history even earlier than language has been used. Among others, if all cultures had something in common, it was that music had been a part of their history, has been known to influence and shape different cultures and have been part in the development of the society. Reciprocally, the cultures music is heavily influenced by many aspects about the society such as the pervading culture itself, the socio-economic situation, the environment, as well as the technology (History of Music, 2006). Need essay sample on "The History and Art of Music" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Music is influenced by the environment because the composers as part of the society cannot be separated from the context in which they belong. Thus, it can be said that music has been influencing and at the same time, is being influenced by the many factors that shape the society. This can be illustrated by most periods in history starting from the prehistoric to the present. People Very Often Tell EssayLab specialists: How much do I have to pay someone to make my paper in time? Essay writer professionals propose: Academic Paper Writing Services Professional Writers For Hire Write My Essay For Me Cheap Custom Essay Company The prehistoric times can be said to be the period when man was most unified with nature and it is not surprising for historians to theorize that music during that period was influenced by natural sounds such as birdsongs, wind blowing, and the rustles of leaves (Music, 2006). For civilization to proceed there must be a way of communication among men and in the prehistoric times, and historians believe that men use sounds imitated from nature to communicate with others. Music predating language is referred to as prehistoric music. Examples of such music include the Native American Music, Aboriginal Music and what non-European continents call folk, indigenous, or traditional music (History of Music, 2006). The term Ancient music refers to the music that followed Prehistoric. Their only difference is that ancient music existed in a period when man had become more civilized antedating the beginning of language (History of Music, 2006). As the different societies develop and as men became more civilized, so did the music and its purpose. But to all societies, the purpose of music was and is still among entertainment, celebration and religion. In Asia, particularly in China and Japan for example, music had been a part of court entertainment. Japan had religious songs, gathering songs and childrens songs. India, in its classical times used music as a religious inspiration addressed to their religious deities, as a form of cultural expression or pure entertainment (History of Music, 2006). History may show that music had similar purposes for different societies but the development of music in history has always been tracked through its evolution in the West, particularly, in Europe. Very little is known about the perse musical traditions of not only in other parts of the world but particularly in medieval Europe where as said earlier, was the point of reference in describing the history of music. It was only during the Middle Ages, when the power of the Roman Catholic Church was at its peak that these various musical traditions were unified (History of Music, 2006). During this time, musical development centered on the Church and very few music emerged that was not influenced by religion. This was because the Roman Catholic Church then was as powerful as to suppress any music that was not religiously inspired to favor liturgical music on the other hand. It is during this time that liturgical music, most popular at present as the Gregorian Chant started. It is thought that it was Pope Gregory I himself who had been the composer of the liturgical music. In addition, it was also during this period that polyphonic music was sung and notation was reinvented. The invention of polyphonic music and the reinvention of notation allowed many schools of music to flourish. Among which include the St. Martial School, Notre Dame School, Santiago de Compostela and the English School. With the rise of these schools was the development of secular songs which include the music of the troubadours, trouveres and Minnesanger from which evolved the early Renaissance musical forms (History of Music, 2006). Renaissance in Music began in Northern Europe. The early Renaissance music is said to be a reaction against the technicalities imposed by the previous styles. Music during this period contained balanced and less complex melody and balanced polyphony in all voices. From then, composers and musicians began spreading in Europe to be employed by the Church and the Aristocratic society such as the Medici, Este and Sforza. Several musical styles developed afterwards: there were styles of simplicity in sacred music which was developed by the Council of Trent; styles directed towards complexity which was best exemplified by the avant-garde style of the Venetian School. After revolutionary movements in music, which aimed to restore the music of the Ancient Greeks, monodic acts were developed. These monodic acts were what are now called the opera which beginning defined the end of the Renaissance and the beginning of the Baroque from which, Instrumental music started its dominance (History of Music, 2006). During the Baroque period, the traditional Church music continued but it was secular music that became dominant. Sonatas and concertos were developed. The most dominant musical instruments during this period were the harpsichord and a bass instrument, either viola or bassoon. Baroque music was known for its improvisation (Merker, 2000). It was during this period that prominent composers like Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frederic Handel and Antonio Vivaldi arose. After Baroque was the Classical period o music which was characterized by singable melodies with an accompaniment and a homophonic texture. The voice-like melodies during this period allowed the replacement of singers in operas by instrumental music (Merker, 2000). Musical forms such as sonata, symphony and concerto then dominated the musical scenes. The most prominent musician during this period was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Merker, 2000). Dramatical musical representations became popular during the Romantic period of music. This allowed the expansion of the orchestra as well as made popular concerts. Among the prominent figures in this period were Chopin, Johann Strauss II, Tchaikovsky, Verdi, and Wagner (History of Music, 2006). As technology developed, and as different cultures merge, so was the role of music. With globalization allowing its easier dissemination, music was not limited to clubs and concerts. Types of music became perse and music became more visual. The modern music allowed more freedom and experimentation in terms of musical styles (History of Music, 2006). Music as an Art Art is defined as mans way communicating or expressing himself to attain beauty and/or understanding of both himself and the things around him. This means that music, when used by man for expression is controlled by the composer, who is then controlled or influenced by the society, environment or context in which he belongs. This means, music as a form of art is influenced by the context in which it belongs to. Music as an art form is influenced by history and has the power to change or sway history as well. Music as a form of expression is controlled by man using its different elements and aspects of sound. These elements include melody, harmony, rhythm, tone and form. Sound aspects include pitch, timber, loudness and duration (Music, 2006). These elements and sound aspects are controlled by both the composer and the performer. During the composition and production of music, it is the composer who has the power to input his creativity towards the certain work. He or she can control almost all elements. But once the music is performed, it is the performer who has the control over the musics form. The performer could change the melody, loudness and pitch of a composition, different from what the composer may have intended, depending on what the performer chooses or how the performer wants to express the composition. During the performance, everything about how the composition is to be performed is the performers decision to make and the composer would not have any control however precise the composition is. This is termed as the interpretation. In terms of expression, art genres such as jazz and blues could be considered more artistic as it gives the artist more freedom to improvise. In these genres, artists have more control the melody, harmony and the rhythmic framework of the composition (Owen, 2000). Among all types, it is that with the most freedom of improvisation that is considered of greatest artistry and this involves of course the spontaneity of thought during the performance itself. This is art in music with the performer in focus (Owen, 2000). If the composers art is to be emphasized, the music should be looked at in terms of its processes. These processes are what create the music that the performer is to make. This is what involves the elements of music which creates the sounds. To understand more effectively the art and construction of music, the elements and sound aspects are used. The most common tool used in judging the quality of a musical composition is rhythm which is the process in which music occurs in time (Music, 2006). The creation of sounds varies from composer to composer depending on their styles, tastes and their own personal biases and influences. But usually, the process or composition of music is judged based on the examination of the elements of music as described in the practice in Western Classical music, now involving more common methods such as the African Jazz and rap music (Music, 2006). The Art in music is in musics nature itself. As a form of expression, the art in music is in its elements and in the processes in which the artists, particularly the composers and performers are able to manipulate it for their own purposes. Summary Different cultures had different variations in musical styles. Other than the cultural aspect, music also varied from different periods from the use of instruments and techniques to the use of music as well. Music has been shaped by mans history and culture and likewise, it has contributed to the development of mans culture as well especially since it has been considered not only as a form of entertainment and ceremonies but for propaganda as well. We can see this particularly in the medieval times when the power of the Roman Catholic Church was at its peak and even in the modern times when it is being used in political campaigns and in music videos promoting pop culture and sometimes subtly implying idealism and reform. These have been entirely possible since undoubtedly, music is a mode of expressionan art form where each element could be manipulated to produce a certain effect and meaning. Today, its influence cannot be denied given the technology and ease in which it can be disseminated. Works Cited History of music. (2006, December 6). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 02:04, December 10, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_music&oldid=92546657 Merker, Brown, Steven, eds. (2000). The Origins of Music. US:The MIT Press. Music. (2006, December 10). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 00:08, December 11, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music&oldid=93358182 Owen, Harold (2000). Music Theory Resource Book. UK: Oxford University Press.

Sociology Essay

Sociology Essay Free Online Research Papers Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior. Sociologists investigate the structure of groups, organizations, and societies, and how people interact within these contexts. Since human behavior is shaped by social factors, the subject matter of sociology ranges from the intimate family to the hostile mob; from organized crime to religious cults; from the divisions of race, gender and social class to the shared beliefs of a common culture; and from the sociology of work to the sociology of sports. In fact, few fields have such broad scope and relevance for research, theory, and application of knowledge. (Hillsman, 2006) According to Wikipedia, Methods of sociological inquiry vary. The basic goal of sociological research is to understand the social world in its many forms. Quantitative methods and qualitative methods are two main types of sociological research. Sociologists often use quantitative methods, such as social statistics or network analysis to investigate the structure of a social process or describe patterns in social relationships. Sociologists also often use qualitative methods such as focused interviews, group discussions and ethnographic methods to investigate social processes. Sociologists also use applied research methods such as evaluation research and assessment. (Social Research, 2009) Wikipedia also discusses how sociologists use the internet with sociology. The Internet can be used as a tool for research (for example, conducting online questionnaires), a discussion platform, and as a research topic. Sociology of the Internet in the broad sense includes analysis of online communities (i.e. newsgroups, social networking sites) and virtual worlds. Organizational change is catalyzed through new media like the Internet, thereby influencing social change at-large. This creates the framework for a transformation from an industrial to an informational society. Online communities can be studied statistically through network analysis and at the same time interpreted qualitatively through virtual ethnography. Social change can be studied through statistical demographics, or through the interpretation of changing messages and symbols in online media studies. (Sociology on the Internet, 2009) Sociology is broken down into two categories. The first is Macro-Sociology (aka Structuralism). The individual is born into an ongoing social system, which exists independently of and determines his or her behavior. The individual acts accordingly to the script laid down by society. The values, institutions, and culture of society shape actions and roles. These are acquired in the process of socialization. This is a very deterministic approach whereby the point of departure is whole societies and the way they determine human behavior. (Viner, 2005) The second group is Micro-Sociology (aka the Social Action Approach). A human being is capable of conscious thought and self-awareness. Human action is not simply a reaction to external stimuli, but the result of the meanings, theories, motives, and interpretations brought into a social situation by the individual. Social reality is a constantly emergent property, not something fixed and inevitable. This is a voluntary approach stressing the individual’s voluntary actions. For example, ‘freewill’ is stressed. (Viner, 2005) As for my thoughts on sociology, I believe sociology has its place. I don’t think I could ever call it a proven science. There is a great deal of theory and statistics involved in sociology. I took a statistics class at Devry University a few months ago. There was definitely a lot of data involved in statistics. However, the data was based on samples of populations and populations that had data that was always changing due to individuals/objects that were being added and subtracted from data being calculated. You could never get a definite answer in statistics due to the data that constantly changed. I see the same thing with sociology. There isn’t one theory that we as humans can call the fact that explains everything. So, therefore the theory is used to explain our concept of sociology. I’m always uneasy when the only explanations I have to explain something are a lot of theories. Below are some of the major general sociological theories (and their variants) include: Conflict theory: focuses on the ability of some groups to dominate others, or resistance to such domination. Ethnomethodology: examines how people make sense out of social life in the process of living it as if each was a researcher engaged in inquiry. Feminist theory: focuses on how male dominance of society has shaped social life. Functionalism: A major theoretical perspective which focuses on how elements of society need to work together to have a fully functioning whole. Interpretative sociology: This theoretical perspective, based in the work of Max Weber, proposes that social, economic and historical research can never be fully empirical or descriptive as one must always approach it with a conceptual apparatus. Social constructionism: is a sociological theory of knowledge that considers how social phenomena develop in particular social contexts. Social phenomenology: The social phenomenology of Alfred Schà ¼tz influenced the development of social constructionism and ethnomethodology. Social positivism: Social Positivists believe that social processes should be studied in terms of cause and effect using the scientific method. Structural functionalism: also known as a social systems paradigm addresses what functions various elements of the social system perform in regard to the entire system. Symbolic interactionism: examines how shared meanings and social patterns are developed in the course of social interactions. o Dramaturgical perspective a specialized symbolic interactionism paradigm developed by Erving Goffman, seeing life as a performance Rational choice theory: models social behavior as the interaction of utility maximizing individuals. (Social theory, 2009) As I was saying, there are way too many theories that sociologists use to try to explain the social science of sociology. Humans have lived on this planet for a little over 7000 years and all we have are theories to explain sociology. There aren’t enough absolutes! I’m not saying that progress isn’t being made; I just think we should have more facts than theories. Hillsman, Sally (February 18, 2006). What is sociology?. Retrieved January 14, 2009, from Asanet.org Web site: asanet.org/cs/root/topnav/sociologists/what_is_sociology Sociology of the Internet. (2009, January 6). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 01:46, January 14, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sociology_of_the_Internetoldid=262222577 Social research. (2009, January 3). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 01:47, January 14, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_researcholdid=261612037 Viner, David (2005). Brief introduction to the sociological perspectives on society. Retrieved January 14, 2009, from hewett.norfolk.sch.uk Web site: hewett.norfolk.sch.uk/CURRIC/soc/TM/intro.htm Viner, David (2005). Map of sociological theory. Retrieved January 14, 2009, from hewett.norfolk.sch.uk Web site: hewett.norfolk.sch.uk/CURRIC/soc/Theory.htm Social theory. (2009, January 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 02:30, January 14, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_theoryoldid=263455519 Research Papers on Sociology EssaySociology is a ScienceGlobal Distributive Justice is UtopianIslamic Fundamentalism Replaces CommunismHas the British Welfare System beenThree Concepts of PsychodynamicDeontological Teleological TheoriesCo-Educational vs. Single Sex SchoolsPoverty, Violence and Conflict How are they Related?Joel Kovel’s The Enemy of NatureThe Colour Purple

Article response paper to womb for rent--for a price by ellen goodman

Response paper to womb for rent--for a price by ellen goodman - Article Example The process to make the child is known is in vitro fertilization, during which the egg is fertilized with the sperm outside of the womb and then placed into the surrogate mother’s womb to complete the typical pregnancy process. There are many ethic concerns in regard to this new, high-tech method of conception and birth. The reason that I choose this article was due to the fact that it presented an interesting, unique topic pertaining to medical ethics, science, and optional forms of starting a family. While there may be many concerns in regard to the ethical issues that such a procedure can bring about, I disagree with the author’s stance that in vitro fertilization with surrogate mothers has put humans on the marketplace. There are a few methods in which a person or a couple can start a family. They can conceive the child themselves, they can adopt, they can go about doing both of the aforementioned methods, or they can become artificially inseminated, which is fairly common among single women who wish to start families. However, there are fewer options when a couple, especially the woman, is simply unable to give birth to children. In many cases of infertility in women, their uteruses are the wrong shape or width to properly house a growing fetus. Therefore, while her eggs may be fine and her husband’s sperm does what it should, her body is unable to sustain a fetus without drastic results. Most cases in which women with wrong-shaped uteruses do get pregnant usually end in miscarriage. These women are only left with the option to adopt if they want to start a family. This is something that the article fails to mention. Now, however, due to the amazing growth of science, women with good eggs b ut a bad female reproductive tract can have their eggs fertilized by their husband’s sperm and planted in a healthy uterus for growth. While being a surrogate

Peter N. Stearns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Peter N. Stearns - Essay Example Stern opens each chapter and discussion of a new historian with perceptive beginning and background information that helps to set the historian in a better framework than if it were not to appear. Apart from this, his presence is untraceable, which attests to his ability as a historian himself to remain isolated from his work. Peter N. Stearns is currently Heinz Professor of History and Dean of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences at Carnegie Mellon University. Professor Stearns also has the credit of being the founder along with editor of the Journal of Social History. He has published some 70 articles and fifty books. His present research is on the history of emotions and personal constraints in contemporary American and French culture (for example, weight consciousness). He also continues research in the history of public policy in areas such as social security, mental health, child direction, and infant mortality. He has long been active in developing innovative teaching methodologies, especially in the field of world history. Hulbert and Stearns identify an array of comprehensive social factors. First were demographic shifts that were changing the domestic arrangements of young parents. With the move into big cities from farms or (in the case of immigrants) from overseas, women ever more found themselves secluded from the network of mothers, aunts, and grandmothers who in the past had handed down female intelligence about infant care. Adding to the influence of the experts was, in the case of the middle class, rising prosperity: more mothers had time to become compulsive about their children, an unimaginable luxury for poor and rural women thoughtful with necessities. The experts also appealed to the public's enthrallment with being "modern." Particularly, scientists found a keen audience among extremely well-educated females, middle-class women in love with of the notion that they were raising their children in partnership with up-to-date professionals. In this respect, the allegedly outdated ideas of the preceding generation became a subject for eye-rolling. In 1917, one authority only half-jokingly suggested titling a chapter of his book, "The Elimination of the Grandmother." According to a 1940 poll referred to by Stearns, a good number of parents thought it essential to raise their children differently from how they themselves had been raised. This result would undoubtedly hold today as well. Fueling the stable need for a feeling of up-to-dateness has been the regularity with which child-care experts have claimed to make ever new, breakthrough discoveries. All the way through the 20th century there was a regular flow: new categories of childhood, new pledges, and new fields of specialty. In 1904, G. Stanley Hall published a two-volume thesis on "adolescence" that among other things introduced the word itself into daily parlance. By the 1920's, experts had come up with terminologies like "preschooler" and "toddler," each accompanied by its own theories and suggested techniques. Our own day's contribution to progress has been the detection of such hitherto unheard of creatures as "tweens" and "emerging adults." Apart from the sociological pressures, one very good reason that a good number of parents embraced modern theory is that it was saving young lives. At the

Organisational Change Essay Example for Free

Organisational Change Essay Organizational change is also known as organizational transformation and it may involves organisational change in mission, introducing new technology, restructuring operations, introducing new programmes, mergers, re-engineering and having new major collaborations. (Bridges 1991) Organizational changes are aimed at achieving some set organizational goals and objectives which need to be a attained within a given period of time. In many cases changes in the organizational are provoked by some outside forces which includes taking care of new markets, substantial cut in finding, need for increase in services and productivity among others. There are many approaches that managers uses to introduce change in the organization, some are planned, explicit and structured while others are more unfolding, implicit and organic. Managers goes for the approaches that will be supported by all the employees and those that will enable the organization to maximize the profit margin as they achieve the set goals and objectives within the set time frame. Some approaches works from the future to the present where by the managers uses the organizations vision to plan all the organizational activities aiming at achieving the vision while other approaches works from the present to the future which may include pointing out the currents needs of the target clients and then making the necessary changes towards achieving those needs. This is the best approach since the clients and other stakeholders are the backbone of any organization and they determine the success of the any business (Easterby 1999). Identifying their needs should be a continuous exercise which should be followed by implementing the necessary changes which will facilitate in satisfying their needs hence building a good and strong customer relationship which will lead to increased sales hence increasing the Organizational profitability (Dent 1999).  Aegon UK  is a member of the AEGON Group which is among the worlds largest life insurance and pension company. The company is the owner of different life insurance, pensions, adviser and management businesses in the UK (Folger 1999). The company has 27,000 employees and a total of over 25 million customers worldwide with its main markets being in Netherlands and the United States. Factors That Lead To Change One of the major hindrance for decision making is a clear understanding of the working environment where the decisions made will be operated. (Brewster 2004) Proper understanding of the working environment improves the decision making and it minimizes uncertainty. In the UK where life expectancy has risen in the past few years, people are expected to retire for a longer period of time hence the need to think ahead and save for retirement, an idea that many people find difficult to comprehend. (Kotter 1979) Many people do not properly plan about their retirement hence they suffer during the old age since they do not be have enough money for survival and on the other hand the government is also emphasizing on reduced dependency on the state in old age. This resulted to many insurance companies coming up with new cheap pension schemes who also emphasized on employee pension (Hultman 1995). The Industry Aegon operates in the life insurance and pension industry which for the past few years had a poor reputation. Some organisations in the industry has been blamed of mis-selling where by they do not give the customers quality products that satisfy their needs. (Johnston e 2004) The Financial Services Authority (FSA) introduced some regulations in the industry which were aimed at avoiding such situations from happening again in the future. The industry has been faced with intense competition where by AEGON is competing with other organisations that are well known in the UK and they specialise in selling directly to the customers (Kirkman 2000). The company normally distributes its services and products to customers through financial advisers. For AEGON to remain competitive it had to take care of all the problems that the industry was facing. Reasons For Change Historically AEGON had been very successful and profitable but some times back the government introduced some regulations that reduced the organisations profitability. Comparing the company with its competitors, AEGON was not well known though it had very good services and products and it also had good relationship with the distributors. (Strebel 1996) For consumers to have the confidence of investing in a long term product, they have to know more about the organisation they are planning to invest with by learning more about the brands that are being offered by the organisation and by understanding the value of each brand. As AEGON offered different brands it was hard for the financial advisers and the consumers to identify and understand the different depth and breadth of the brands. Facilitators of Change AEGON company appointed a new (CEO) Chief Executive Officer who entered into the office with new strategies for the company and the first thing that he implemented was to bring AEGON into a discovery phase which would help him in achieving the goals he had for AEGON. The CEOs goal was to develop the best long term savings and protection business in the UK while the discovery phase was aimed at finding ways of achieving those goals. (Kegan 2001) Another aspect that needed consideration was the companys brands and how they could be audited. The company was examined both internally and externally to find its position in the market. The process of auditing was aimed at giving more information about the company which assisted AEGON in making more informed decisions which were needed to start the process of change. Creating a New Culture Culture refers to the attitude and the personality of an organization and it is also involves the shared values, behavior and beliefs of the employees and other stakeholders (Morgan 1997). It acts as a key part in the change process since it dictates the way in which the organisation and the stakeholders solve problems and makes decision. By developing a new culture, AEGON was able to provide services and products that were required in the market hence they were able to remain competitive. A Behavior Framework In order to support the new culture, AEGON came up with a behavior framework which was aimed at strengthening the brand values. It was designed in such a way that it could influence how all the employees in the organisation could work and make decisions where by the behavior emphasized the values of AEGON. (Coetsee 1999) The company also introduced a Management Development Programme which emphasised on eight main behaviors which are, think customer, embrace change, encourage excellence, act with integrity, decisive actions, work together, learn and grow and finally relate and communicate (Piderit 2000). Implementing The Change The organisation has emphasised on the customers needs which determines the decisions, behaviour and it also informs actions. The senior mangers keeps the customers needs at the heart of all the operations in AEGON while the other managers and professionals innovates with the needs of the customers in mind so that they come up with products and services that can satisfy the needs of the customers. AEGON brand have been extensively promoted alongside Scottish Equitable or other brands are traded under it. Association with AEGON is stronger where by the Scottish Equitable is currently AEGON Scottish Equitable which reflects the local knowledge and the global power. Currently all the brands has a new look that is common, different and refreshing. Impacts Of The Changes Implementing change in AEGON affected it both externally and internally. Internally the changes influenced how the people behaved and communicated while the organisational operations has been focused on satisfying the needs of the customers. Great emphasis has been on making information clearer so that the customers can be in a position to understand the company well so that they can do business with them. The company has intensively done external promotional campaigns and it has managed to launch new innovative products aimed at satisfying the customers needs. This changes has worked very well for AEGON since the company has been able to maximise its profit. Currently AGEON brand is in a position that it influences the financial services in the industry. Challenges The main challenge that AEGON is facing is that the competition is growing at a very fast rate in an increasingly difficult market. This has forced the government to implement some regulations to govern the industry. To fight competition, AEGON should maintain two way communication channel which should be open and they should emphasis on getting feedback from all the stakeholders. This feedback is very important since the stakeholders can inform the organisation where they might be going wrong and can even give some recommendations which can work very well for the company hence being ahead of the competitors which leads to maximising the profit margins of the company. The stakeholders can also help the company in identifying the needs of the customers hence enabling the company to provide what is needed in the market . Also when there is open communication between the management and the employees it is normally very easy to prevent conflicts since the employees will be free to air their grivances hence cultivating a culture of good working relationships in AEGON which will even motivate the workers to work even harder thus enabling the company to realize the set goals and objectives within the set time frame. Conclusion Organisational change is continuous and the process of change is like a journey which will be faced by external factors that can affect the operations of the organisation. AEGON respond to the external factors was by clarifying, simplifying and strengthening its brand in the UK. As the organisation changes, its culture and pattern of behavior develops which is a cycle which requires the business to use the knowledge it has to learn from the experiences. This has enabled AEGON to move towards achieving its goals through realizing its full potential while they remain competitive in the market. Taking care of the needs of the customers increases the sales of the company since many customers will be interested in the products or services that are being provided by the company hence increasing sales which in turn increases the profit margin of the company.

Essay --

As we ended the year, the State Board of Education had approved a plan to replace the OGT with eight to ten end-of-course exams and had proposed that students earn points toward graduation. The State Board’s plan met challenges as the Ohio House committee passed HB 193 on December 18, 2013. HB 193 differed from the board’s plan by reducing the number and types of state tests that students will need to graduate. It also delays the timeline one year for implementation of the new assessments citing technology readiness issues from school districts. The State Board of Education was not included in the drafting of HB 193 but did provide written testimony on a number of issues it had with the bill early on in the process. HB 193 is expected to receive a House floor vote in early 2014, and then head to the Senate for consideration. I will continue to monitor HB 193 as this makes its way through the legislative process. In the meantime, a technology study conducted by the Ohio Department of Education (ODE) shows difficulties in schools’ capacity to administer the new assessments online. T...

William Blake’s Songs of Innocence

Flake's use of the pastoral in Songs of Innocence and Experience Put simply, Flake's Songs of Innocence and Experience Juxtapose the innocent pastoral world of childhood against an adult world of corruption and repression. The collection as a whole, by meaner of paired poems in Innocence and Experience (The Lamb, The Tiger; The Echoing Green, The Garden of Love/London; The Nurse's Song (l and E); Introduction (l and E); The Chimney sweeper (l and E), etc) explores the value and limitations of two different perspectives of the world. The same situation or problem is seen through the eyes or perspective of Innocence first, then Experience.Blake stands outside Innocence and Experience, in a distanced position from which he recognizes and attempts to correct the fallacies of both perspectives. He uses the pastoral, in many songs, to attack oppressive and destructive authority (Church, King, parent's, adult figures), restrictive morality, sexual repression, established religion – t he Established Church, social inequality, militarism. The pastoral is a literary style that presents an idealism and artificial picture of rural life, the naturalness and innocence of which is seen in contrast with the corruption and artificiality of city and court.The pastoral is often seen as a nostalgic looking back at a lost paradise, a lost Eden, a lost Golden Age. However, Blake does something different with the pastoral. Firstly, he rejects the nostalgia of the ideal in order to show the real human condition. He does this by opposing pastoral ideal and urban reality both within the single states of Innocence and Experience and between the two states. (For example – ‘Introduction' of Innocence, ‘The Shepherd'). Secondly, he radically redefines the relation of the pastoral to the city because the Songs as a volume could be said to take place in the city.Blake frames the obviously pastoral scenes within an urban setting in a way that breaks down the convention al city/ country dichotomy – and his criticism is aimed at not merely social problems, but the source of these problems – a limited way of seeing. Within Innocence, Blake takes us into the frame, or confinement of the pastoral space and explores inner tensions, exposing and attacking social problems. For example, in ‘The Little Girl Lost' of Innocence, the pastoral setting is that of ‘a desert wild' that becomes ‘a garden mild'.The reference is the biblical image in Isaiah 35 of an ideal mime in which the ‘desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose'. Lacy, the innocent child, lives ‘In the southern clime'/Where the summer's prime/Never fades away (distinctly pastoral! ). She ‘had wandered oleomargarine the wild birds' song. Blake brings in a contrast between Local's trust and her parent's' fear (that she is lost and will come to harm). For Lacy, there is no cause for distress, except consideration of her mother's feelings (if my m other sleeplessly shall not weep').The other side of the conflict is the parent's' fear and concern: As far as they are concerned, there is nowhere safe; (Where can Lacy sleep? . Their concern becomes more and more self- centered, until it becomes emotional blackmail (oho can Lacy sleep,/elf her mother weep? ). A moral prescription is then introduced – Lacy ought to be worried – and we notice that this is Justified only by the mother's distress, not by any real danger. By meaner of the command, ‘Then let Lacy wake', Blake shows how fear turns into tyranny. The parent's' fear of nature has made them unreasonable – They command their daughter to be unhappy, simply because they are.Stanza 8 resolves the conflict as Local's surroundings become transformed – the desert is ‘bright'. Local's positive perception dominates the rest of the poem – The imperative, ‘Let' in the line, ‘Let thy moon arise', underlines her opposition to her parent's. The pivotal word, ‘bright' stands between Local's and her parent's' attitudes to nature (for the parent's, it is a dark, unknown world of fear; for Lacy, it is safe and bright. ) The lion licks Local's bosom and the lioness ‘Loosed her slender dress'. The dress is a symbol of her parent's' upbringing, which Local's perception can cast off.She is naked, so shame is removed (a reference to Adam and Eve's nakedness in the Garden of Eden). In the ext poem, ‘The Little Girl Found', the lion's masculinity, his mane, was what frightened the parent's (soon his heavy man/Bore them to the ground'). So, the poem conveys the need for sexual freedom, natural energy, sexual energy, feared by Local's parent's. (In ‘The Little Girl Found', the parent's' perception of the lion as fearful is transformed -then they followed/Where the vision led'- by meaner of transforming their vision, their perspective, the parent's' fear disappears (nor fear the wolfish howl,/Nor t he lion's growl').Within the pastoral frame of the Garden of Eden, Blake explores inner tensions, exposing and attacking social problems. (In The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, which Blake wrote between the two parts of the Songs, he stresses that man's instincts are not fallen (sinful from the moment of birth) and therefore to follow the instinctive desire for love and pleasure cannot be wrong: The soul of sweet delight can never be defiled. On the contrary, it is the thwarting of desire that leads to corruption and a warping of the personality: Sooner murder an infant in its cradle than nurse enacted desires.The conventional goodness of Flake's time, therefore, is Just a passive failure o act out desire and is not something to be admired, unlike evil which is evidence of positive energy:. Good is the passive that obeys reason. Evil is the active springing from energy and Energy is eternal delight. So, in the volume of Songs of Innocence and Experience, the tensions, oppositions or c onflicts are within the frames of a song, as well as between the two contrary worlds of Innocence and Experience.The Songs not only Juxtapose pastoral ideal with urban reality (echoing Greenwood's'; ‘Echoing Green/'The Garden of Love'), but within the single state of Innocence, pastoral images are Juxtaposed with a flawed urban society. The oppositions also exist within the single states of Innocence and Experience. The Songs of Innocence begins with a clearly pastoral ‘Introduction' followed by ‘The Shepherd', ‘The Echoing Green' and, of course, ‘The Lamb'(in Flake's final order of the Songs). These songs show pastoral harmony between humans and nature.However, we are led out of (or in and out of, depending on the order of Songs), pastoral and into a disturbing world of social difference and injustice through such lyrics as ‘The Little Black Boy, ‘The Chimney Sweeper'(l). Yet even these songs eave a pastoral element. Tom Decree, in ‘T he Chimney Sweeper', is identified with the lamb of pastoral and of innocence through his hair, That curled like a lamb's back. The black boys mother describes his body as a ‘shady grove' that enables the soul to bear the beams of love', identifying the time on earth as a ‘little space', akin to a pastoral retreat, rather than a time of preparation labor.The pastoral narratives in both poems seek to free the boys from the stigma of their blackness, but ironically that freedom, in the form of a pastoral paradise, is attainable only after death. In ‘The Chimney Sweeper'(l), an angel ‘opened the coffins and set them all free. /Then down a green plain leaping, laughing they run,/And wash in a river and shine in the sun'. In ‘The Little Black Boy, God's voice will call: ‘Come out from the grove my love and care,] And round my golden tent like lambs rejoice'.Only in death will the white boy be taught to reject his ignorant racist views: ‘And then I'll stand and stroke his silver hair/And be like him, and he will then love me'. So, Blake uses the pastoral to attack social evils and injustice, but also exposes the limits and inadequacies of the pastoral ideal. He transcends the pastoral to show the limits of pastoral innocence; to criticism the human condition; and to show a new vision. He does this by rejecting the nostalgia of the ideal to show the real condition – by opposing the pastoral ideal with urban reality.The dual presence of town and country, idealization and realism, celebration and regret provides the tension that is fundamental to the pastoral space. The pastoral's critical function is based upon the writer's handling of internal tensions between oppositions. Flake's objective in Songs of Innocence and Experience is to show the wow contrary states of the human soul'. He shows that we create our worlds by meaner of our perception of it. (Milton: ‘A mind is its own place, and in itself/Can make a Heav en of Hell, a Hell of Heaven' Paradise Lost).Our world is ‘Innocent' – loving, meek and mild, delightful, protected, gentle – if we perceive its creator as loving, caring and protective. But there are limits to this vision; we are vulnerable because we are ignorant of the dangers and threats that exist. The world of Experience is one that is dark, authoritative, oppressive, uncaring and repressive of enjoyment. We see ourselves imprisoned in this despair if we perceive its creator as oppressive, cruel, punitive and Judgmental – and if we perceive ourselves as imprisoned in Original Sin.The two worlds opposed are those of childhood innocence and adult experience. He uses iconic pastoral images (piper and muse, shepherds, rural idyll, innocence of childhood, the Garden of Eden, gardens and greens, lambs, pathetic fallacy) and pastoral states (harmony, Joy, protection, care, love) and opposes these to urban images and states of adult authority and cruelty, st ate and church repression and authority, dishonest and destructive emotions.Blake sets up oppositions, in the frames of the poems (as artistic creations) between Innocence and Experience and within Innocence and Experience. Blake provides (in Songs of Innocence) pastoral images, but shows the limits of pastoral innocence. In Songs of Experience, he writes in anti-pastoral mode and uses pastoral images to show the destruction of innocence, as well as ways to regain innocence in a vision of a New World.Discussion of ‘putting the complex into the simple': Approaches – discussion of ‘The Lamb' and ‘The Tiger', pages 91 – 101 Songs of Innocence and Experience can be regarded as anti-pastoral: Blake exposes he limitations of a comfortable image of pastoral innocence by 1) redefining the relationship between city and country (Russ in rube – the country in the city); 2) he uses the pastoral as a frame to expose social injustice and human suffering; 3) he uses pastoral images to show true innocence, then subverts these, both in Innocence and Experience, to expose the dark world of adult authority and repression.Blake use pastoral, not to show the contrast between rural and urban, but to expose the injustices of the human condition. Blake was a poet of the city, of London, and his pastoral setting is in the greens, parks and gardens of London.

Exercise Test Of Fasting Blood Glucose Levels - 1360 Words

Following the establishment of fasting blood glucose levels subjects in the oral glucose tolerance test consumed a 10 ounce beverage that contained 100 grams of glucose. Over the next 2 hours subjects repeated the same method as used in the control test to test their blood glucose levels 4 more times. These 4 tests were conducted at 30 minute intervals and all readings were recorded for later examination. Physical Exercise Test After recording their fasting blood glucose levels subjects in the exercise test group transitioned to the gym. At the gym each individual engaged in 45 minutes of moderate exercise. Although no strict controls were put in place to regulate the type or intensity of exercise conducted individuals generally engaged in a reasonably strenuous amount of exercises. Most individuals conducted either cardiovascular exercise such as running and biking or strength training such as calisthenics or weight lifting. Immediately upon completion of the exercise period, subjects returned to the laboratory to conduct a second blood glucose test. Utilizing the same method as described in the control test the subjects examined and recorded their post exercise blood glucose levels. All data from both sets of tests were then compiled and recorded in a Microsoft excel file. The results were then examined by calculating the mean and standard deviation for each set of data. In o rder to test our null hypothesis, the results of the oral glucose tolerance test wereShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Blood Glucose Concentration941 Words   |  4 Pagesperson’s ability to handle a certain load of glucose, thus it is important that they have not eating anything that will interfere with the results. Initially, a fasting glucose blood tested is performed. If an individual has high resting blood glucose level, it indicates that their body is unable to produces insulin to regulate normal level of blood glucose. 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